Financing Climate Change for Economic Development (a Case Study of Nigeria)

FINANCING CLIMATE CHANGE FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA) Written By: ABORISADE OLUWASOGO OLANREWAJU SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING BANKING AND FINANCE OSUN STATE UNIVERSITY OSOGBO, OKUKU SUPERVISED BY: MR OLANREWAJU FATOKI ABSTRACT Climate change adaptation is increasingly becoming an area of growing interest and involvement for many developing countries that unfortunately bear the brunt of an overheating planet caused by developed or so called advanced countries.The uncertain effects of a changing climate on Nigeria’s economy pose significant setbacks for meeting development targets like Nigeria’s aspiration to be among the twenty best performing economies of the world by the year 2020 [Vision 20:20:20] and achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. The fact that Africa’s most populous country runs dangerously on a mono-product economy oiled by cheap hydrocarbon deposits, underscores this heavy dependence on natural resources. Climate change-induced losses and the unsustainable use of these invaluable resources appear to be a harmful problem that has elevated itself to a real development challenge in Nigeria. It is not difficult to see that Nigeria’s climate security vulnerability lies predominantly along the coastal, littoral states of the south and the northern frontline states as a result of a combination of high physical exposure as well as low household and community resilience.Poor adaptive responses to growing shifts in temperature, rainfall, storms, and sea levels could help fuel violent conflict in some areas of the country due to shortages of resources such as land and water which breeds negative secondary impacts such as more sickness, hunger, and joblessness, which in turn flings the doors to conflict and social chaos wide open. These problems are further compounded by a lack of institutional, legislative and fiscal capacity for effective management of natural resources and stability of the ecosystem; leading to educed farm productivity, increased work load particularly on women, and a dislocated rural economy. Mitigation and adaptation are both necessary to alleviate the impacts of a changing global climate on our local communities and national economy. This research work therefore discuses climate change in Nigeria and ways it could be finance to increase economic development in Nigeria. INTRODUCTION Climate Change is a term used for changes in weather condition in the past few years said to be caused by Global Warming.Global Warming is increase in the average temperature of planet earth which is said to be caused by continuous emission of gases that trap heat to the earth's atmosphere. Climate Change and Global warming are often used interchangeably. In an upper part of the atmosphere called the troposphere 10-19km above sea level, certain gases trap heat to the earth to make it warm. Without these gases, the average temperature of the earth will be 33OC colder not able to support life for humans and several living things.These heat trapping gases for their action that resembles heat trapping effect to a glass house in Physics are called Green House Gases (GHG). There are a number of GHG known with some more potent and available than others, these GHG have a natural cycle that keep them balanced and available at certain range in the earth’s atmosphere for their function to keep the earth warm. Certain anthropogenic activities like burning of fossil fuels release gaseous products made up of one or more GH gas. Nigeria’s economy though heavily dependent on oil is sustained by agriculture and has thus become increasingly constrained.Both source of revenue for the economy is vulnerable to climate change crisis. Sustainable development of these sectors of the economy can only be achieved if processes in use are in favour and harmony with the environment. Although, Nigeria is not a major player in the green house gas emission comp ared to the western countries, the country has contributed to the depletion of the ozone layer through continuous gas flaring emission by multinational oil corporation in Niger Delta region. Climate change has become a global concern with harmful effects as seasonal cycles are hindered.For example, food production and water supply are adversely affected by the effects of climate change and if care is not taken, it will affect the economy in a drastic way. Nigeria and Climate Change Nigeria is exposed to the dangers of climate change, which is now a global issue. The dangers pose serious threats to existing environmental problems like desertification, erosion, flooding, and ecological devastation. Considering the strong connection between climate change and development, Nigeria is highly at risk in the area of food security, poverty reduction, energy and most importantly, infrastructure and general economic development.In view of this anyway, Nigeria’s efforts and actions must be informed by these realities. For example, it is estimated that in the Sudan-Sahel area of Nigeria, between 89,297 and 133,944 square kilometers of arable land would be at risk. It is estimated that the capital value at risk stands at about US$6. 4 billion for the current level of development, (NCCC, 2003). In December 2009, Nigeria like many other countries had the opportunity to tackle its climate change issues at Copenhagen, the capital and largest city in Denmark.However, climate change cannot be successfully addressed by any individual country it requires therefore substantial action and continuous efforts. These actions include nations’ investing in programmes and projects aimed at reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG’s), and contribute to adapting to climatic changes. Nigeria is committing itself to facing the challenges that climate change presents within its borders and is acting rapidly to ensure that the Copenhagen deal is the best for Nigeria and Africa.This is being achieved by continuing to form partnerships globally and regionally, and by promoting the development of alternative energy sources internally. Nigeria believes that climate change poses important threats to Africa, while equally offering some unique opportunities to generate new revenues and build more diverse and resilient economies. For example, a policy like the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) if designed to have an African focus could generate investments worth billions of US dollars every year. Causes of climate changeThe climatologists have found evidence to suggest that some factors are primarily responsible for most of the past episode of climate change on the earth and which needs to be addressed urgently. These factors include: (a. ) Radioactive forcing A process which alters the energy balances of the earth-atmosphere system is known as radioactive forcing mechanism (Shine et al, 2010). These may include degree of difference in the earthâ€℠¢s orbit around the sun, solar radiation, volcanic activity and atmospheric composition. (b. ) Non- radioactive forcingAny change in the climate must involve some form of energy redistribution within the global climate system. Yet there are forcing agents who do not affect directly the energy budget of the atmosphere (the balance between incoming solar radiation and outgoing terrestrial radiation). These are considered to be non- radioactive mechanism of global climate change. Such agents usually operate over vast time scales [107 to 109] and mainly include those which affect the climate through their influence over the geometry of the earth’s surface, such as location and size of mountain ranges and position of the ocean basins. (c. ) External forcingThis section discusses some of the various external forcing mechanisms operating over time a scale of 10 years to 109 years. (i. ) Galactic variations The orbit of the solar system about the centre of the galaxy has been conside red as a possible external climate forcing mechanism (Hugget, 1991). During the course of a galactic years [now estimates at 303million years] variation in the inter stellar medium (William, Isaac and Shoo, 1975) may also suggest that variation in gravitation torque induced by galaxy’s near neighbors, the small and large megellanic clouds, could have far reaching consequences for the earth’s climate. ii. ) Orogeny It is the name given to a tectonic process of mountain building and continental uplift. Such mechanisms operate over tens or even hundreds of millions of years. The earth’s outer surface, a layer known as the lithosphere {made up of the crust and the upper section of the mantle}, is broken up into 12 different plates which are constantly adjusting their positions relatively to each other and such movements are driven by the internal convective dynamics within the earth mantle.When plates collide, one may either be subdued beneath another or both are pu shed continually together, forcing upwards any continental land masses, to form long mountain range. (iii. ) Epeirogeny It is a term that describes changes in the global disposition of land masses and like organic process, this changes are driven by internal plate tectonic movements. Continents move around the globe at a rate of several centimeters per year owning to the slowness of the internal dynamics of the earth. However, over tens or hundreds of millions of years, both the size and position of land area can change appreciably. iv. ) Volcanic activity Explosive eruption can inject large quantities of dust and gaseous materials [such as sulphur dioxide] into the upper atmosphere [the stratosphere], where sulphur is rapidly converted into sulphuric acid aerosols. Whereas volcanic pollution of the lower atmosphere is removed within days by the effects of rainfall and gravity, stratospheric pollution may remain there for several years, gradually spreading to cover much of the globe . A volcanic activity has the ability to affect global climate on a longer time scale.Over periods of millions or even tens of millions of years, increased volcanic activity can emit enormous volumes of green house gases, with the potential of substantial global warming (Pickering ; Owen, 2004; Rampino ; Volk, 2006]. However, the global cooling effect of sulphur dioxide emissions will act to counter the green house warming and the resultant climate change remains uncertain. (v. ) Ocean circulation It was identified that the oceans store an immense amount of heat energy, and consequently play a crucial role in the regulation of the global climatic system.In order to explain the observed hemispheric syncronity of glaciations, despite periods of directly opposed orbital forcing in the two hemispheres, many researchers have looked to the oceans. Although, in this sense, changes in oceans circulation has traditionally been viewed as internal forcing mechanisms in its own right. Economic implications of Climate change The estimates of economic impact on climate change are typically based on ‘damage function’. The estimates cover a variety of climate impacts that are usually grouped as ‘market impact’ and ‘non-market impact’.Market impacts include effects on climate sensitive sectors such as agriculture, forestry, fisheries and tourism; damage to coastal areas from sea level rises; changes in energy expenditure (for heating and cooling) and changes in water resources. The non-market impacts cover the effects of climate change on health; leisure activities, ecosystem and human settlements. The economic implications of climate change in Nigeria are discussed below: (a. ) Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries McCarl (2007) reported that 70% of the workforce in Nigeria relies on rain-fed agriculture for their livelihood.He noted that agriculture is affected by climate change as a result of reduction in quantity and quality of yields; changes in crop practices through changes in water use (irrigation) and cost of agricultural inputs such as herbicides, insecticides and fertilizers; Environmental effects particularly due to frequency and intensity of soil damage leading to nitrogen leaching, soil erosion and reduction of crop diversity. Other effects are adaptation of organisms and plants to flood, salinity and temperature, collapse of flourishing profitable investment and a sharp downturn of national economy.According to Okali (2004), droughts usually increase in occurrence, having a huge impact, especially in the dry North as a result of desertification. (b. ) Tourism and Leisure activities The forest is the abode for wildlife. If the forests disappear, the wildlife goes with it. Sites of tourist attractions in Nigeria are vulnerable to climate change. The waterfalls, the lakes, the river basins, the ocean views, the beaches, the ranches etc. may be nowhere to be found. Due to this, the huge investment of both t he government and the private sector in tourism and leisure activities may be eroded.Loss of revenue and the lay-off of those employed in this sector of the economy will impose financial strain on the economy. (c. ) Coastal areas and Sea level rises Not less than seven out of the thirty-six states in Nigeria is in the coastal area. Nigeria’s coastal zone is richly blessed with various natural resources such as crude oil and fish, which are presently being exploited for economic gains. The global climate change and the concomitant sea level rises will have adverse effects on the coastal zone.Nigeria could lose over 18,000 square kilometers of the coastal land and the natural resources contained therein as well as experience disruption in socio-economic activities. This will also increase the salinity of the fresh water, thereby affecting aquatic life. Loss of revenue and GDP and the attendant impact of rendering the inhabitants of the coastal areas, who are pre-dominantly fish ermen, unemployed. (d. ) Human settlement Desert encroachment is becoming a threat from the northern part of Nigeria due to desertification.The inadequate trees in some parts of the North have resulted in unfavourable living condition and displacement of many human settlements. The rising sea level and gully erosion are equally claiming several kilometers in the coastal areas especially the southern part of the country. Valuable resources and infrastructures of the country are found in this area and if the sea claims these places, the economy of the nation will be affected. The Tsunami incidence in Japan on 12th March 2011, which claimed thousands of lives and properties worth billions of dollars, is a warning signal.It is also very important that Nigeria lend a clue from the bitter experience of Japan. (e. ) Health Increased temperature in the various regions could result in high incidence of malaria and other diseases that affect humans due to high temperature. The possibility of water-borne diseases as a result of the sea level rises cannot be ruled out. The implication of this is that there would be an increase in the cost of maintaining a healthy nation. It is note-worthy that this might frustrate the recent effort by government and relevant international health agencies to halt the scourge of malaria and other diseases. f) Industry and manufacturing The effect of global warming on the climate-vulnerable sectors of the economy (agriculture and the coastal resources) that provide input for the industry and manufacturing is another area of concern. The infant industries and the small and medium scale enterprises could be threatened. This is because only the big ones will be able to pay the high prices of manufacturing inputs. The GDP will be adversely affected by the inability of the small businesses to operate since they act as catalysts for economic growth and development. g) Financial services sector This sector serves as the intermediary between the def icit sector and the surplus sector of the economy. Owing to the ability of the big companies who are mostly quoted on the stock exchange to weather the storm of the likely downturn, they will force the market into an initial boom, which may not last, only to be followed, subsequent to its effect on the climate sensitive sectors, by a devastating and catastrophic burst because no entity or segment of the economy would be left out.Hence, there is the tendency of experiencing what could be best described as ‘climate induced inflation’. Odjugbo (2010) noted that climate has a significant effect on the country’s economy. Climate Change Financing Providing financial support to developing countries like Nigeria to help mitigate the effects of climate change and adapt to its impacts will be crucial to achieving agreement at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Copenhagen in December 2009. This makes financing one of the most critical issu es in international climate change negotiations.The major issues that need funding in order to address climate change properly are observed to include mitigation, adaptation, technology transfer and capacity building of institutions and personnel. Funding must benefit from domestic and international sources. The major sources of domestic resources to finance development in Nigeria have been domestic savings which are channeled into development through various formal and informal avenues, taxation, domestic borrowing (including borrowing from the banking system and private sector), bond financing, external reserves, surpluses of public enterprises, and very importantly, the oil sector.Domestic resources should ideally constitute the major source of financing development and should be the first port of call. It is a better long term option in the achievement of any longer term development goals. On the other hand, external resources should be seen as providing supplementary finance to domestic resources. External finance has proved difficult to predict and sustain. Indeed, some forms of external finance, for example, ODA, portfolio investment and bank lending that may appear to be important have tended to be highly volatile and hence potentially risky and problematic for development.Also, there has been skepticism about aid effectiveness such that ‘despite the declared huge disbursement by donors, there is not much on the ground to show for it’ (NPC, 2008). If domestic resources must provide a robust basis for sustainable progress in meeting the climate change challenges, then policies need to be implemented which would increase domestic saving and raise the revenue (tax and nontax) GDP ratio significantly beyond current levels. As at June 30 2009 there remain few well known sources of domestic financing for climate change adaptation/mitigation, renewable/green energy projects in Nigeria.Whilst we suspect that there are some in-house sources of fina nce being discussed within various institutions, these are not yet publicly known and are at their primary stage of development where they do exist. With respect to mitigation, a lot of resources are needed particularly in acquiring technology. Nigeria supports the initiative for the establishment of a Multilateral Technology Acquisition Fund to buy Intellectual property Rights (IPR) which is a major constraint to technology transfer.Most of the resources for mitigation have moved to the developed countries over the years. Nigeria supports therefore the review of this anomaly for equitable distribution. Mitigation resources should also come to developing countries so that their developmental efforts do not finally result in injecting more GHG into the atmosphere. Nigeria should team up with other African countries and the G77 to seek for greater access to Adaptation Funds. Many of the potential adaptation projects which are urgent require considerable capital investment that the Fun d can best provide.The significance of this is that this source of funding is reliable and predictable. Demand notices requiring for settling of counterpart Funds should be sent early enough to facilitate the processing of payment. Nigeria should team up with other countries to ask for the change in the present arrangement in which developed countries alone produce the CEOs of the GEF. In the future, the position should be alternately occupied by candidates from the developed and developing countries to reflect the global character of this institution.Constraints to financing climate change in Nigeria Some of the expected major sources of financing climate change in Nigeria encounter a lot of challenges/constraints. Some of these are as follows: – * The precarious dependence of government revenue on the oil sector. Thus, any shortfalls in oil revenue will adversely affect climate change mitigation/adaptation. Projected government financing of climate change may partly depend on economic growth performance and may not be realized if the growth performance is weak. The need to lay a solid foundation for sustainable growth, rely more on domestic sources of financing especially noninflationary sources, and diversify the revenue base away from oil to non oil tax sources. In addition to the above, the following issues have been identified as current constraints that are hampering progress in efforts to tackle climate change activities in the country: * Lack of a regulatory framework that should guide any institutional governance and the activities of climate change have discouraged local lending to renewable energy projects, foreign direct investment (FDI), and significant take-off of the CDM market. The lack of an established and working climate change institution has encumbered the drawing up of a broad-based and robust regulatory framework that can, with the assistance of consultants and advisers in this area, ensure world-class practices being put in plac e in Nigeria as part of the structure. * Absence of definite budgets within the various government ministries, departments, and agencies to incorporate climate change activities in national development within the broader Nigerian society. Lack of moral persuasion by the federal government on private enterprise to focus on driving climate change mitigation strategies and business development. * Lack of general educational campaign to advise financial institutions, corporate bodies and civil society on the merits of investing in Green Energy and the CDM market has greatly hampered the take off of all related projects. Lack of knowledge by financial institutions on investment within the new ‘green’ economy in all its ramifications due to lack of capacity build-up in this area. * Lack of knowledge among most local financial institutions on how to advise clients to access CDM funds for their projects which leads to less revenue being generated from carbon sequestration proje cts. CONCLUSIONNigeria cannot afford to be left outing the fringes of achieving environmental sustainability, alleviating poverty and reducing extreme hunger in line with the millennium development goals. The Government of Nigeria must as a matter of expediency treat the problems associated with climate change on the economy with urgency by adhering to international environmental treaties and embarking on massive and aggressive sensitization of the citizens on the problems associated with global warming and the steps that can be taken to address the concern.The government needs to sensitize Nigerians on the need to be more environmental friendly, evolve a change in consumer behaviour and ensure effective utilization of financial resources to mitigate the effects of climate change. REFERENCE Odjugo, P. A. O. (2010). Regional evidence of climate change in Nigeria. Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 3(6), pp. 142-150 United Nations Organization. (2010). Climate Change Conferen ce in Cancun leads to agreements Sass.R. L. , (2009), Frequently Asked Questions: Climate Change, James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University United States Central Intelligence Agency World Fact Book (2011), https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni. html United States Climate Science Program (2008), Trends in Emissions of Ozone Depleting Substances, Ozone Layer Recovery and Implications for Ultra Violet Radiation Exposure Synthesis and Assessment Product 2. 4

Expository Essay

Expository Essay Some memories are joyful, while others are quite sad, and then the bittersweet moments are a combination of both. These bittersweet memories are often memorable and one that stays fresh in my mind is the coming and going of my Golden Retriever puppy, Chance. I was overjoyed when we first got him and couldn’t have been happier but his death was unpleasant and left me with a bad taste in my mouth for weeks to come. This whole experience taught how to appreciate what I have because you don’t know what you got till it’s gone.One of the most memorable and impactful memories of my life happened when I was just six years old. It was a chilly day in mid January as I cheerfully scampered off the school bus to dash inside and be greeted by a mug of hot chocolate and warm cookies. I was clumsily toying around with Legos while waiting in anticipation for my dad to get home. The moment I saw my dad walk through the door I darted down the stairs and was shocke d to see him holding a large, mysterious cardboard box.He informed me that contained inside were loads of cupcakes he had gotten from work, but to my surprise when I looked inside I saw a tiny little puppy bundled up in blanket sleeping on the base of the box. I was thrilled at first but soon after my hopes were crushed when I realized this little dog had fatal cancer and only had a short month to live. Due to his horrible condition we named him Chance for his perseverance to survive such a sickly Herring 2 disease. My roller coaster experience with him helped to mold me into the person that I am today.This memory is so important to me because Chance was the first pet I had ever had the opportunity to call my own and I had also desired to own a puppy ever since I was a baby. Over a short time Chance and I had developed a strong bond from racing around the house and bounding around in the fresh snow. This connection we shared showed me how important companions were and how much I enj oyed having them around me. After a few weeks of living with him he began to show signs of weakness. He would sometimes stumble while walking and even vomit after eating a meal.I was feeling miserable to see him experiencing this pain so our family had to make a decision. We came to a general consensus that it was time to put him down. After a lot of shed tears and heartache I began to understand the situation in a different light. I had begun to realize life ends and living things don’t last forever. I really appreciated chance for what he was and dearly missed him. The great memories with Chance still remained and helped me to cherish his existence even more. Overall this memory taught me how to enjoy what I have and be grateful because I may blink and not see it ever again. Expository Essay

What Industrial Relations Is Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

What Industrial Relations Is - Article Example This essay will discuss the role of industrial relations in the fast-changing business world, modern work environment. Industrial relations are supposed to bring harmony between the two relevant parties i.e. employees and employers. In simple terms industrial relationships can be called multidisciplinary field that refers to the employment relationship. Sometimes it is also named employment relationship because of the negligible importance of non industrial employment relationship. But to consider it just as labor relations is an oversimplification because it has much more to it. There are a number of researchers who assume that Industrial relations study has become obsolete and proposed closure of UK’s most study centers on the subject as Darlington1. They believe that academic-industrial relations are obsolete and are no more required. It has been replaced and dealt better in newer subjects such as HRM, Human resource management and OB organizational behavior. These subjects deal with the human factor while industrial relations study focuses on the collective approach. Collective institutions and processes (trade unions, strike and collective bargaining. Indeterminacy in the sense, that unlike other contracts it does not involve physical exchange of goods and services for money. But the contract is made on the basis of the capacity to perform and produce the desirable and the potential to purchase those goods services. In the labor contract a worker or employee only sells his ability to work which is intangible which can only be materialized when the actual work is done and the worker is involved in the production process.

Social Networks are affecting negatively on relationships Essay

Social Networks are affecting negatively on relationships - Essay Example At the same time, many of the couples find that digital apparatus facilitate interaction and support. A majority of those in relationships maintain they operate separate email and social media accounts though a small number indicate that they share accounts. This paper looks to discuss the negative influence of the social networks on relationships. It is significant to note that social networks have negative effects that influence relationships negatively in a great way. One of the negative effects of the social networks on relationship is that it gives a false sense of association. Social networks make its hard to differentiate between the significant relations that couples foster in the actual globe, and the numerous casual relationships developed through social networks. By focusing so much of their time, resources and energy on the less important associations weaken their actual relationships in the real world. The real relations will weaken because of the less time, effort, and energy that they get. Less attention on the real relations and much attention on the casual relation across the social media in most cases have resulted in the death of many relations. Another negative influence of the social media on relationships concerns the issue of privacy. Social network sites inspire people to be more public concerning their private existence. The inspiration leads to many of the couples posting about their intimate details since it is simple to post them. What is more is that the issues they post remain accessible indefinitely. The details, in most case, have been found to prompt a negative backlash depending on the details that the couples posts. In return, the couples end up quarreling and fighting affecting their relations detrimentally. Social media affects the privacy of the relations, and it has brought many hurtful experiences to many couples across the globe. In addition, social networks have led to decreased

BA Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BA Case - Essay Example Most of the customers prefer the products that are natural. Anti-aging products and men’s skin care products have become popular in the last few years and are gaining visibility in the marketplace. Because of these trends, skin cares share of total industry revenue has grown during the last five years. Burt’s Bees has strategically positioned itself in the industry as a manufacturer of natural products. However, the company faces threats of stiff competition from companies such as Kiss My Face, Jason Natural Products, Nature’s Gate, and Tom’s of Maine. Three of these companies, including Burt’s Bees, are now owned by larger companies with a wide range of product offerings. Ordinarily, there is need for the products that that are natural and organic. This is because most of the consumers have become aware of the effects of chemicals on the skin that causes cancer in the long run. This makes them not to buy most of such products. However, Burt’s and Bees’ is on the competitive advantage since it sales organic products that the customers love. The strategic positioning of the brand enables it to beat its competitors. Burt’s Bees is an earth friendly, all natural skin care company that strives to do good for humans, bees, and the planet . The company has also opportunity in increasing innovation through the advancement of technology. In contrast, Clorox Company is a brand primarily known for its bleach productsÍ ¾ Toxic chemicals that can harm the environment. The acquisition of Burt’s Bees by Clorox was part of the company’s strategy to focus on creating value by investing in new and existing categories that were consistent with consumer trends in areas of health and wellness, sustainability, convenience, and a multicultural marketplace. Clorox has helped Burt and Bees to raise the existing brands by innovation, expand into adjacent product categories, enter new sales channels, and pursue new businesses in growing markets where it could gain and

Critique of Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Critique of Media - Essay Example She demonstrates how consumers and corporations have more contact than ever and how this has allowed the consumer to make their angry voices heard. In spite of lavish advertising campaigns, big business is finding it more and more difficult to keep issues such as exploitation and environmental damage under wraps. The brand, which for so long has inspired trust and loyalty, is becoming undermined by the increasing ability of the consumer to rebel against its one-size-fits-all approach and exercise self-determination, argues Klein. Klein’s argument bases itself around the idea that companies now produce brands rather than products. They rely on their name, rather than the quality of their goods, to shift stock and make profits. This is not a new concept in media criticism. Companies now regularly invest in brand management as part of their overall advertising budget2. Media channels reflect this through advertising which focuses on selling the name and developing a certain image to accompany the brand. She then goes on to explain that companies exploit both producers and consumers, paying a less than fair wage for good produced in the third world which are then sold in the west for designer prices. The originality in her critique comes when she does not focus on the exploited third-world worker, but rather explores western culture and its suffocation by branding. Everything is branded, she states, and this leaves no space free from advertising and marketing. Schools, youth culture and sexual identity ar e all targets for the brands and this leads to the situation in which we now find ourselves – with no unbranded public spaces left. Klein then moves beyond this, passing from media critic, to her secondary role as activist. In order to get away from the branding machine, she suggests ‘culture jamming.’ This subversion of advertising allows the consumer to take back control and free themselves from marketing’s

Protein Targeting and Integrations Research Paper

Protein Targeting and Integrations - Research Paper Example The mitochondrial matrix is a viscous fluid that carries hundreds of enzyme components, which are responsible for different functions. The mitochondrion is a cell component that plays the role of producing energy. For this reason, it is also called the cell powerhouse. This cell organelle is characteristic with eukaryotic organisms, ad its size varies between 0.5 to 10 micrometers. The mitochondrion is composed of different components: mitochondrion ER, the matrix, intermembrane space, inner membrane and the outer membrane. The inner and outer membrane layers are formed by phospholipids layers and protein, while the matrix is formed by varied enzymes and it plays many functions (Lodish et al., 2000; Das & Robbins, 1988). Protein import into mitochondrial matrix takes place across the outer and the inner mitochondrial membranes. Unfolded proteins components are routed into the matrix region with a chaperone type protein; the communication model required for channeling the precursor protein to the mitochondrial matrix, from the cytosol is comprised of an N-terminal matrix-targeting series. The translocation of the precursors to the matrix series takes place at sites where the inner and outer membranes are close to one another. In the area of targeting and synthesis there is the usage of the proto-motive force, and the protein F-class ATPase – towards the synthesis of the ATP. A major type of the proteins routed to the matrix area is synthesized at the cytosol, and then integrated into the mitochondrion. The largest proportion of the processed proteins is taken to the matrix, while the remaining portion is taken to the intermembrane area or stored at the inner or outer membrane areas (Lodish et al., 2000; Austen & Westwood, 1991). Protein importation into the mitochondrial matrix area: as a originator protein, whish is characteristic with an N-terminal matrix-targeting series (red), comes from the cytosolic ribosome, binding to the chaperone proteins, for

Risk Assessment Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Risk Assessment Plan - Essay Example This paper develops a risk assessment plan for three tasks that relate to hazardous materials management. Risk assessment is the second phase of the risk management process; the other phases are risk identification, management of risk, and risk reporting and monitoring stages (Scholz & Gray, 2000, p. 285). Risk assessment involves a method of examining risk hazards with a motive of avoiding, reducing or better managing them to lessen their impact. Risk assessment is defined as a simple careful examination of what in the workplace or home environment could cause harm to people (Martin, 2006, p. 7). Hazardous situations are ever present with us, from the work place, our homes and even when travelling possible from workplace to home. In reality every situation we are in is a hazardous one, like for example fuelling a vehicle presents a risk of explosion or intoxication by the gas fumes. A simple gardening chore like lawn mowing presents a risk of being hit by flying objects from the lawn mower causing adverse health conditions. The presence of hazardous situations in everyday life motivates the need of a risk assessment plan. This paper develops a risk assessment plan on three tasks which are; fuelling a vehicle, painting the house, and garden lawn mowing. In conclusion risk assessment aims at identifying the possible hazards, their consequences and the effects they can have on a person’s health incase they take place. This paper has summarized the types of hazard that can take place in three different tasks that is fuelling a vehicle, painting a house and lawn mowing. Marrero, T. L. (2007). An intergrative approach to study and promote natural hazards adaptive capacity: A case study of two flood-prone communities in Puerto Rico. The Geographic Journal, 176,

My hero in life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

My hero in life - Essay Example k up to and it is she who has taught me and my siblings that nothing is impossible in life if one is dedicated enough and is willing to work really hard to get what one wants in life. It is my mother who taught to us the value of hard work and dedication in life. I am proud to say that my mother instilled in me and my brothers and sisters some important values and ethics that act as a guiding star in our lives, whenever we feel that we are in the need of some direction and motivation. I consider myself indeed very lucky ad privileged to acknowledge that I got a mother of that stature and character. My mother’s name is Amena and she is 49 years old. My grandparents did tell me that right from her childhood she was an exceptional child who was always fond of learning new things. In a social context, my mother also happened to be a really bonding person who liked interacting with people and making new friends. She strongly believed that one should work hard and must do one’s best to serve the community in which one is born. She was very much admired by her friends and relatives who considered her to be an intelligent and loving person and took her to be an admirable personality. My mother was born and raised in Saudi Arabia in Al Taif. As per my grandparents she happened to be a very devoted, obedient and sincere child who was fond of studies and learning. She happened to be a really sweet person who took great pains to serve her parents and siblings. She was deeply admired by everybody in the family right from the time she was a small child. As per my grandmother, my mother had a passion for learning new things and she wanted to be somebody in life. At the same time it was her firm faith that one should not be selfish in one’s pursuits. One should also work hard to give back to the community in which one is born. In other words she happened to be a very social person who believed in contributing to the community and the society into which she was born. As per

Which factors influence students self-efficacy with regard to their Research Proposal

Which factors influence students self-efficacy with regard to their academic performance - Research Proposal Example Therefore, self-efficacy in academic performance would refer to the confidence that individual students have on academic issues that allow them to be successful in academic endeavours. Most researchers would agree that there are several factors that have a direct influence on the efficacy of students but these would highly depend on the cultural fits that happen in the educational system and curriculum. The idea of self-efficacy does not just come by chance to the involved victors but there is always a great deal of hard work that aims at maintaining the faith to get the high levels of educational success (Bandura, 1982, p.126). This proposal will seek to provide a base for justification of the fact that self-efficacy has a direct impact on academic performance of students that are involved in an academic program that is on distance basis. In-view of this, it will provide background information about the genesis of self-efficacy in students before embarking on plot development. Backg round of the Study The importance of efficacy is gaining acceptance with every passing day. From a psychological point of view, self-efficacy is a creation from the theories of efficacy as brought forward by Bandura. Self-efficacy is about inclusiveness. This inclusiveness is about the end result. It is an issue that started long ago but Bandura (1977) indicated that here are very important sections of personality that will render the effects effective with the final impact of motivation for student success. The areas that are aimed at being promoted are in accomplishments of performance, verbal and emotional arousal and vicarious experience. To cement the value of self-efficacy in the development of motivation of students therefore, there will be an objective and analytical view of four key issues. These issues will represent the objective of statement question in which case there is need to link self-efficacy and student academic performance in the post graduate case as indicated (Banduras, 1977). Factors Influencing Students Self-Efficacy Self-efficacy is influenced by a collection of very strong factors that influence the total personality of an individual. Experience or "Enactive Attainment† Experience is a very determining factor when it comes to issue of self-efficacy. Dissects (2012) dissects experience as immediate and former. In both cases, it has far reaching effects on the behaviour and confidence of the students and their eventual success. Postgraduate education requires a high sense of risk taking through project and online submissions. This is to say that there is a risk that is taken but the success of previous students may inculcate confidence in the current group. In this case, strong efficacy is generated through such former success by the current students. In vicarious experience, there is a situation in which students watch others handle very complex experiences and succeed which helps them hope for the same (Yao, 2007, p. 6). This p ositive show is enhanced through modelling, performance exposure, performances that are self-instructed as well as performance

Lawn Care Case Essay Example for Free

Lawn Care Case Essay 1) A) Currently Lawn Care focuses on quality and innovation. Their product is said to be the best available with the highest quality grass seed and fertilizer in the world. They are also a very well known company which is another competitive advantage. They specialize in providing the best and quickly delivering the product to the customer demanding the product. B) The company perceives the quality of their products, and their direct delivery to be the order winner for the company. They provide what is expected, in terms of high quality seed and fertilizer, making this also an order qualifier. Another company, such as their competitor may consider the installation they proved to be the order winner, in that it sets them apart from their competition. C) CBP 2) A) Lawn Cares competitor’s current strategic mission is to provide a bundle package. Their competitive advantage is that they also install the product. They save the customer time, and create convenience for the customer because they do not have to find and contact and plan with a third party to have the work done. B) The competitor perceives the need for seed, fertilizer, and sod as the order qualifier, and the installation and additional yard work they provide as the order winner because it sets them apart from their competition, Lawn Care. 3) If Lawn Care were to add the application business to their existing business they would need to secure more employees. They would need employees who have experience in landscaping and are able to do the physical labor. This could take months to find and train the new employees. They would also need to purchase equipment such as lawn mowers, trucks, trailers, etc. to  assist in the application side of the business. This would involve using some of their assets to purchase and later on repair and manage upkeep, but they would achieve a gain in capital equipment assets. Lawn Care would also have to use additional resources to market their new service bundle. The addition of installation would not do the company any good if nobody knew they were now offering the service. It may be beneficial to the company if they contacted previous customers as well to tell them of the changes and see if they need any more work done. Changing advertisements and adding new advertisements and promoti ons would also take months, but would benefit the company in the long run. 4) Lawn Care would have to consider how the community and previous customers would react to the changes and whether they would find the change beneficial and take advantage of the new services offered. Stakeholders would be affected as well with the relocation of assets and the risks being taken by Lawn Care to add such a substantial portion to their business. The changes and how they will effect stock in the company is an important economic sustainability factor for the company to consider. The company was accused of pollution and other damage application mistakes before implementing this new service bundle. The company should consider environmental sustainability and because they would have more control of the application process than they did previously they will need to be more aware of how they are affecting the environment and what they can do to prevent any future claims against them. The company should also determine how they will market the product and how this will affect social sustainability. What can they do to make everyone aware of the products and gain back any customers they lost to their competition before offering the service? Lawn Care needs to consider how sustainable the service will be and make sure that it will be a lasting effort before purchasing the new equipment and implementing new processes.

Preserve Toothbrushes Essay Example for Free

Preserve Toothbrushes Essay Strategic planning is an important aspect for any business or corporation. Without it, an organization has no way to achieve a stated goal. They have no way to march towards their vision. In the case of Eric Hudson, an entrepreneur with a vision, he successfully created a business with a goal in mind and implemented a strategic plan to make it happen. Every small business startup has to have some edge in order to compete; otherwise they will be forced out by larger, pre-existing competitors. For Preserve, this meant identifying and filling a niche in an industry largely consisting of multinational conglomerates. For Eric Hudson, this meant thinking critically, having a plan, and implementing it in order to carry out his vision. Preserve found its niche in environmentally friendly toothbrushes. Preserve created an environmentally friendly toothbrush manufactured from recycled plastic. Further enhancing the product was a unique 45 degree angled head designed by Hudson’s father, an industrial engineer. At the time, the â€Å"green† movement was largely a niche in itself. While not a first-mover, others were already in the â€Å"green† products industry; Preserve had a modified approach of the second-mover strategy. It did not create the â€Å"green† industry, but it did create a new product. It was often a small market for â€Å"green† products, and the products that existed were often less effective and of poor quality. However, for Eric Hudson, he made it his vision to provide an environmentally friendly product without sacrificing quality or performance. Initially, Preserve’s toothbrush was marketed through grassroots movements and sampling. However, it was at one of the sampling events, that an employee from Stonyfield Yogurt, an organic yogurt company, approached Preserve and relayed the information that they consistently had leftover plastic from producing yogurt containers. With this bit of information, Preserve had a new strategic alliance that provided them with the raw materials to produce its product, and Stonyfield had the ability to promote tself as an environmentally friendly corporation as a result of its efforts. Preserve is a small, niche brand, and like most other small niche brands, their marketing budget pales in comparison to its larger competitors. In Preserve’s case, they focus on generating publicity to promote and advertise their brand. The best advertisement is free advertisement, and Preserve tends to generate a lot of magazine articles and television appearances. This in turn generates word of m outh testimonials, the most effective form of advertising. Businesses in general should continually strive to enhance their business model and update their strategic plan. A SWOT analysis is a useful tool for examining a business and how it is meeting its basic mission. By comparing the firm’s strengths and weaknesses with external opportunities and threats, a SWOT analysis provides managers with a view of the organization’s internal and external environments. In turn, this analysis can be used to determine if the firm is meeting expectations or if it is on track to meet expectations. Preserve’s director of marketing, C. A. Webb, admits that she doesn’t actually perform SWOT analysis’s, but certainly uses that form of thinking consistently when implementing new products, distribution channels, designs, or other decisions. In fact, it was this style of thinking that led to Preserve to focus its effort on packaging its unknown product in order to appeal to a more sophisticated market and consumer. It was crucial to target a specific audience because retailers could not devote large amounts of shelf space to a small brand such as Preserve. So Preserve made it their mission to go up against their large competitors in the only way possible—out marketing them. Business strategy and strategic plans are crucial for any business, small, medium, or large. Preserve certainly provides an excellent example of the necessity of a strategic plan and how following one can lead to success, provided the organization has the necessary strengths and environment as can be determined by a SWOT analysis. Preserve’s success can certainly be attributed to a successful business plan, as well as careful planning. Both are important lessons to be taken away from Preserve’s market presence.

Violence Against Nursing Workplace Health And Social Care Essay

Violence Against Nursing Workplace Health And Social Care Essay Nurses are on the front lines and the back bones in the health sectors . Workplace violence is becoming an important issue that all organizations, these behaviours , especially that of bullying are detrimental and effect staff , patients , and outcome. Violence are defined as ( an incident that results in physical injury).(Duncan, Hyndan 2001 as cited in Denise,2009). Regarding to many research I found that nurses in emergency department and in mental health sectors are the most high risk staff who are facing violence form patients , their families and visitors because of many factors that I will discussed on my paper . The aim of my research is review background of workplace violence . In addition to, identify situations and specific patient groups susceptible to being involved .Furthermore , identify the most health care sectors that are more susceptible to violence and factors leading to violence in these sectors depend on research articles to support my paper .Besides, identify the best nursing practice in the management of patient hostile behaviour and violence because nurses play a major role and the most staff dealing with different type of patient and cases. Finally, identify the role of health sector to minimize the risk of violence against nurses and the recommendation need it to prevent violence in health sectors . Violence against Nursing in Health sectors Work place violence is a serious occupational risk towards nursing.(International Council of nurses 2002 , Mc paul and Moore 2004 as cited in Jessica, Altair ,Lara, Cathy, Linda and Susan,2009).In hospital violence occurs most frequently in psychiatric wards, emergency departments ,waiting room ,and geriatric units.(Sofield and Salmond 2003 as cited in Jessica et al., 2009) they conducted studies and found that 35% to 80% of hospital staff suffering from violence either if its verbally or physically.. The causes of work site violence are multifaceted and diverse .In hospitals ,clinics, health home setting, co-workers ,family members, patients or visitors may cause or contribute to violent events.(MaggieTerriy,2005).The escalating risk in emergency department environment are reflective of patient under influence of drugs and alcohol abuse are often associated factors in patient-initiated violence on nursing staff , miscommunication and low staff levels leads to anger and long waiting times for patient.( Chalermrat , Virasakdi ,Suparnee ,Teem Rassamee,2008 ).Beside, related to emergency situation and increasing number of patient with dementia and psychosis .Other risk factors are prevalence of guns and weapons that being carried by patients and their family or friends. (Gordan,Donna,MargretPatricia,2010).In addition , lack of staff training or visible security ward. For instance, patients illnesses and unpleasant feeling ,as well as, the anxious and stress by patients and their fami ly member and also visitors are often escalated by not enough space All these factors contributing and may incite physical and verbal abuse against emergency department staff. On the other hand, nurses working in psychiatric setting have a higher risk for becoming victims of violence too. According to Gordon and Donna and Margared and Patricia,2010 was conducted a research about Workplace Violence in Health care Setting : Risk factors and protective Strategies and identify the risk factors in to perpetrator ,worker and setting environment risk factors. The perpetrator risk factors such as patient with mental health disorder like dementia, schizophrenia and alcohol and drug abuse have been associated with risk for workplace violence .However, setting and environmental factors that were related to increase risk for violence included day time versus evening and nighttimes hours .Equally important, work factors that were associated with violence include workers gender , the research show that women experienced a higher risk of verbal violence ,in contrast, men experienced physical violence.Besides,other characteristics of worker factors are number of hours wor ked per week and marital status. Employees in health care settings cant prevent all violent events,however,they can use vary strategies to protect themselves against consequence of workplace violence. Management of patient violence Nurses Violence against nurses can be dangerous aspect of ones nursing career. By providing the greatest amount of direct services to patients. nurses play a very great degree valuable role in the quality and efficiency of care and curative services.(Myduc,Stephen,Jay,Carri,Kenneth,2009). Violence can be prevented and avoided by nurses who are aware ,well trained and in control .Nursing care should be in corporate activities within the domains of providing physical, psychological and emotional support through assess physical and emotional and psychological needs for violent .In addition to maintain privacy and personal safety. Besides physical and emotional support , the nurses should enhance safety of the patient and their family by focusing on the needs of family as a whole ,also full assessment for patient and family . In addition , a calm environment and greeting can stop noisy arguments ..(Maggie and Terry,2005). Moreover, good communication skills and proper intervention are more important to reduce the effects on mental health people and performance because some patient who are violence under the influence of drugs and alcohol even the visitors of patient.(Chalermrat et al.,2008). Finally, promote self efficacy by provide patient care plan ,health education and provide information about local and national help and support and available opinion. Further-more ,encourage safety planning and recognizing the patients experience regarding their situation and respecting and support patient and their family decision.(Gordon,2008). Violence preventing training for hospital is one step in reducing the incidence of violence in hospital emergency rooms. Potentially, violence patients and visitors can be recognized by the hospital staff by attending training in violence prevention .Also, alert supervisors to any concerns about safety and report all incident immediately in writting.(Tessa,Sue,Maureen,John,Martha,Sabina,Sandra,Greg,2010). Staffs work together or with a professionally trained individual to provide an open atmosphere in which to discuss the critical violent incident and need to learn donà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t meet aggression with aggression. Role of health care sector All of the government initiatives in arrangement in light fixture and making the manager responsible to ensure well-being of their staff and put place reporting and monitoring systems ,but more emphasis is need in identity of the trigger factors to patient behaviour and appropriate management. Similarly, the nurse play major role with violent patient ,of course the health sector play a major role to protect their staff and preventing violence .Facility administrator should provide a culture of support to those person who experience violence exposures in the work. In addition , can use a conventional and a credible system data to develop programs that increase staff safety and reduce the occurrence of violence exposure. To prevent and avoid violence , staff need to understand both violent activities and their development in the workplace . Education the staff regarding the function , role and responsibilities of the emergency nurse and the department may reduce the tension between staff. Also, education and training staff in the administration regarding the appropriate response to aggression behaviour if necessary. Moreover, close relationship with the police to tackle violence against staff to deal with the abuse behaviour once occurs.(Magie,2005). Equally important, provide enough staff member including nursing, medical officer support and security staff , besides , reduction of waiting time and the development policies and procedures to deal with the situation in case of emergency. Finally, provide video camera in emergency department to be used as evidence if necessary.(Ontario Nurses association,2008). Conclusion Nursing is a hard profession its physically and intellectually demanding. It requires patience and ability to relate to diverse types of patients ,communication skills and flexibility. Violence at work place is a complex problem which demand multifunctional actions and cooperation even with safety policies and procedures in place ,hospital and other health care setting can be dangerous places ,filled with individuals who are under stress .Part of nurses job to raise awareness in the health and aged care sectors and the community about the incidence of violence and its unacceptability as a workplace hazard are beginning to empower nurses to report violent incidents, to act to minimize risk , and to ensure their employers accept their legal obligations to provide a safe place for nurses to work and to provide care for the community. Work place violence is unacceptable not only in nursing place ,but also in all workplace . An important planning ,systematic assessment and effective responses strategies are necessary to deal with mental health illness and violent patient in any sectors ,some times its difficult, but by training sessions and copying strategies it could help to prepare nurses for violence in workplace. Failure to prevent workplace violence , it could result in prosecution , loss of valuable employees , productivity and efficiency. (Stella,MalcolmJan,2008).

Rite of Spring Essays -- essays research papers

Almost definitely imitating the act of new life waking in the spring soil, Stravinsky starts the haunting introduction to his world-renown ballet, Rite of Spring, with a high-pitched lone bassoon. The unstable eeriness continues as a horn and pair of clarinets join in the rubato tempo. Just as everything wakes and bursts into life in spring, so does the piece as more and more instruments join in. Each instrument seems to have a different theme, but seems necessary in portraying the thick texture needed to symbolize the inevitable climactic arrival of Spring. After the orchestra has finished its first outburst and almost all instruments have initially come in, a strange harmonic effect is applied to the viola. As the orchestra draws to a climax the sound is cut-off, and the eerie feeling returns as the bassoon takes its initial theme. This time the orchestra does not burst in afterwards. Instead, a string bridge appears and the next movement greets us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main emphasis of the orchestration in this movement seems to appear in the strings and the Horns. The initial chord is a polychord of Eb 7 and F minor. Heavy strings accompany horns that do not play when expected (polyrhytms). There are accented off beats everywhere (I counted accents on 9, 2, 6, 3, 4, 5 and 3). Thick homophonic strings appear, and are followed by a sudden surge in bassoons and cellos (in different keys- C major and E minor arpeggios all following ...

Internet Explorer SSL Vulnerability :: essays research papers

Abstract Internet Explorer's implementation of SSL contains a vulnerability that allows for an active, undetected, man in the middle attack. No dialogs are shown, no warnings are given. ======================================================================== Description In the normal case, the administrator of a web site might wish to provide secure communication via SSL. To do so, the administrator generates a certificate and has it signed by a Certificate Authority. The generated certificate should list the URL of the secure web site in the Common Name field of the Distinguished Name section. The CA verifies that the administrator legitimately owns the URL in the CN field, signs the certificate, and gives it back. Assuming the administrator is trying to secure www.thoughtcrime.org, we now have the following certificate structure: [CERT - Issuer: VeriSign / Subject: VeriSign] -> [CERT - Issuer: VeriSign / Subject: www.thoughtcrime.org] When a web browser receives this, it should verify that the CN field matches the domain it just connected to, and that it's signed using a known CA certificate. No man in the middle attack is possible because it should not be possible to substitute a certificate with a valid CN and a valid signature. However, there is a slightly more complicated scenario. Sometimes it is convenient to delegate signing authority to more localized authorities. In this case, the administrator of www.thoughtcrime.org would get a chain of certificates from the localized authority: [Issuer: VeriSign / Subject: VeriSign] -> [Issuer: VeriSign / Subject: Intermediate CA] -> [Issuer: Intermediate CA / Subject: www.thoughtcrime.org] When a web browser receives this, it should verify that the CN field of the leaf certificate matches the domain it just connected to, that it's signed by the intermediate CA, and that the intermediate CA is signed by a known CA certificate. Finally, the web browser should also check that all intermediate certificates have valid CA Basic Constraints. You guessed it, Internet Explorer does not check the Basic Constraints. ========================================================================== Exploit So what does this mean? This means that as far as IE is concerned, anyone with a valid CA-signed certificate for ANY domain can generate a valid CA-signed certificate for ANY OTHER domain. As the unscrupulous administrator of www.thoughtcrime.org, I can generate a valid certificate and request a signature from VeriSign: [CERT - Issuer: VeriSign / Subject: VeriSign] -> [CERT - Issuer: VeriSign / Subject: www.thoughtcrime.org] Then I generate a certificate for any domain I want, and sign it using my run-of-the-mill joe-blow CA-signed certificate: [CERT - Issuer: VeriSign / Subject: VeriSign] -> [CERT - Issuer: VeriSign / Subject: www.thoughtcrime.org] -> [CERT - Issuer: www.thoughtcrime.org / Subject: www.amazon.com] Since IE doesn't check the Basic Constraints on the www.thoughtcrime.org certificate, it accepts this certificate chain as valid for www.amazon.com. Anyone with any CA-signed certificate (and the corresponding private

Policies In Atlantic Canada :: essays research papers

From the period of early contact from 1534-1736 it was concluded that Indian religion was useless and therefor did not pose an impediment in the process of converting Indians to Christianity. The process of conversion included a period of persuasion and instruction followed by baptism. The French missions were successful in areas where there was permanent Aboriginal settlement. These efforts influenced all areas of social policy especially the belief that all Aboriginals should be converted to Christianity. The period of the Royal Proclamation from 1783-1839 was a result of British Military policy that recognized the importance of First Nation allies in the victory over France. In 1755 during the initial stages of the war, the British developed an Indian department with a complete suerintendent of Indian Affairs. This was not successful in preventing colonists from appropriating First Nation land. When Britain was successful in the war with France, France ceded most of it’s North American territory and the First Nations were not satisfied being under British rule. This led to Pontiacs rebellion where several British forts were captured. The Royal Proclamation was essentially drafted on the advice of the colony concerning measures to reconcile with First Nations. It was the first constitution under British rule that recognized that the territory outside of the colonial boundaries was reserved as hunting grounds for First Nations. The Royal Proclamation was the legal base for British-Indian policy. The transition of the Royal Proclamation into Canadian social policy occurred when colonial correspondents indicated that First Nations were not longer military allies. Colonial policies were changed by an administration aimed at civilizing First Nations way of life. Of particular importance was the schooling of First Nation children. Gifts that were originally used to compensate for land surrendered to the British were now conditional on the basis of whether or not First Nation parents sent their kids to school. Those parents who did not abide by this rule were subject to criminal charges.

Smart Ways Airline

Welcome to â€Å"Smart Ways Airline†. This is a new airline company that just opened and is very excited about taking people to their flight destinations around the world with the best and smartest service available. This paper will attempt to explain information about development, products, and services for â€Å"Smart Ways Airline†. So, please make sure all seatbelts are fastened and enjoy the flight. â€Å"Smart Ways Airline† provides â€Å"Plane Smart† service to each and every customer who boards the plane. As the matter of fact, â€Å"Plane Smart† is the slogan for the airline company. This slogan was chosen because â€Å"Smart Way Airlines† takes a lot of time to make intelligent decisions about the philosophy, mission, and vision about the company. â€Å"Fly Smart† is another slogan that the company will use to promote its high quality airline service to all of its customers. When a customer chooses to fly with â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† they will be making a very smart decision. Funding for â€Å"Smart Way Airlines† will be collected through concession fees, facility leases at the airport, and landing fees. â€Å"Smart Way Airlines† will also receive funding from tax dollars on aviation fuel. The fuel tax will be added into the cost of the airline passenger ticket. All project and development planning will be funded by the government through a program known as the AIP (Airport Improvement program) and FAA grants. The FAA grants will be used to make improvements and increase airline security and protection. Airline tickets for â€Å"Smart Way Airlines† will average about 10% lower than the national ticket average. â€Å"Smart Way Airlines† will meet or beat any competitor's rates and prices. Above all, if a customer is not satisfied with his/her flight for any reason, â€Å"Smart Way Airlines† will refund part or all of his/her money (Depending on the reason for dissatisfaction). â€Å"Smart Way Airlines† wants its customers to be happy while flying and wants them to be returning customers who recommend others. An airline's fleet is one of its most important assets and as such its composition and deployment directly influence the airline's profitability. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† offers a comprehensive fleet planning and aircraft evaluation service that has guided the strategic decision-making of a variety of operators worldwide. Computer software has been developed in-house to facilitate the analysis of multiple equipment and route combinations using a particular airline's ground rules. This is indispensable for determining the optimum aircraft mix for a carrier's current and future network. A comprehensive database is maintained on the technical, operational and economic characteristics of all commercial aircraft and business jets currently in service or under development. The company is therefore well equipped to undertake comparative economic studies of new or used aircraft types to any degree of detail required. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† fleet planning services are supported by rigorous understanding of commercial aircraft technology aided by excellent working relationships with airframe and engine manufacturers. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will fly Boeing 747-8 International planes. These planes will seat 450 passengers divided into three class sections, in two aisles. These planes were chosen because they will provide a quieter flight, produce lower emissions, and achieve an excellent fuel economy. The Boeing 747-8 will have a lower seat-mile cost than other Boeing 747s and has 25% more cargo space, which provide for better luggage and cargo accommodation. The Boeing 747-8 is actually 13% lighter per seat than the A380 and will consume around 15% less fuel per passenger than a 500 seat plane. The wingspan on the Boeing 747-8 International plane is approximately 224 feet (68.5 meters). It is approximately 243 feet (74.2 meters) long and 63 feet (19.4 meters) high. Its thrust is 66,500 pounds and cruise speed is mach .085. The maximum takeoff weight of the Boeing 747-8 International is 960,000 pounds â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will also have Boeing 747-8 Freighter planes. These planes will have the same economic benefit as the Boeing 747-8 International planes. This plane will have more cargo space allowing four additional main deck pallets and three additional lower deck pallets. This Freighter plane actually weights about 95 tons less than the average cargo plane, thus providing for better fuel mileage. The dimensions of the Boeing 747-8 Freighter Plane are the same as the Boeing 747-8 International plane, except it is 250 feet (76.3 meters) in length. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines will begin by leasing these aircrafts. However, â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† plans to purchase 2-4 planes per year. Plans for additional types of aircraft may be created in the future as the company and customer base grows. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will be known for its unique service. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will always stand behind their customers to assure that they receive the best service and the most comfortable, affordable flight available. All planes will offer several amenities such as current movies in all three classes, personalized radios at each seat with a wide variety of music choices offered by Yahoo, pull down laptop computers and cell phone access attached to the backs of each seat, a menu and full bar service in all three classes, magazine and other reading materials, and handheld video games available for flight rental. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will go the extra mile to make sure that each customer has the most unique, comfortable, accommodating, and affordable flight available or the customer's money will be refunded in part or in full. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will meet or beat any competitor's rates and prices. Customers are always first at â⠂¬Å"Smart Ways Airlines†. Flights will be available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and 365 days a year to over 100 destinations internationally and domestically. Flights are available to any type of customer from the business person, to the vacationing family and the oversized person. There is a seat for everyone, regardless of the reason for travel or any body shape. The seats are comfortable, reclining seats that have small pillows and blankets located underneath each seat. Seats are also accommodating for infant and child car seats. For all customers who buy tickets at least 24 hours in advance, the option of receiving flight information via email, text message or phone call is also available. There is no need to call and wait to hear if the plane is delayed. If something is delayed or cancelled, a â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† representative will call the passenger and let them know of the situation. At the end of the flight, all passengers are asked to complete customer satisfaction survey. This survey help â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† to provide the things that the customers are looking for. They take the time to listen to each and every customer, rather negative or positive. Customer satisfaction is top priority to â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines†. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will have its main offices located within Cleveland Hopkins International Airport in Cleveland, Ohio. Within Cleveland Hopkins Airport, â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will have three main gates. One gate will be for international flights, another gate will be for domestic flights and the third gate will be for freight planes only. At each gate, customers will have a comfortable waiting area with televisions, telephones, restrooms, internet access portals, and a restaurant or small store where snacks and other things can be purchased. A â€Å"Smart Ways Airline† representative will walk around and talk to the customers in a friendly manner. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† wants the customers to feel at home when they are traveling, so the â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† experience begins at the gate. Scheduling of flights will begin at least a year in advanced. The sooner the customer books the flight, the better discount they will be qualified to receive. Flights will leave Cleveland Hopkins Airport on a daily basis and flights will be available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days per year. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will always have a representative at the gate to help prepare the customer for the flight, to answer questions, and provide quality customer service. Flights information and ticket purchase options are also available online. The company will be organized into five major operational areas: All six operational areas will work together as a team to provide quality customer service. The Management team will be lead by the CEO and president of the company. Then, there will be managers and supervisors for each of the remaining five areas. The flight operations crew will consist of the pilots and stewards. This will be any crew member who flies on the plane with the customers. The Maintenance crew will consist of a team of workers who will clean, repair and maintain the planes in flying and operable conditions. The Financial team will handle the operational cost of the company. They will also be responsible for accounts receivable and accounts payable, finances, payroll, and other spending accounts. The Marketing department will be in charge of advertising, promoting and selling the services to potential customers. Finally, the customer service team will be the representative who are based at each gate and assist the customers before and after their flight. The customer service team will be responsible for all areas of customer services relating to the flights. FAR regulations will be adhered to on all flights. Any FAR regulation that deals with the safe operation, passenger and flight security, passenger and crew conduct, procedure, and policy will apply to all flights with â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines†. Marketing at â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will be the key to their success. The marketing department will continuously strive to make sure that customers know of the value, the options, and the type of customer service they can receive if they choose to fly with â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines†. Television, magazine, newspaper, and mailing advertisements will be offered. A website will also be available and flight information will be available through airline advertising websites such as Travelocity.com and orbit.com. When a customer purchases a ticket, they will be automatically enrolled in the frequent flyer program. This program will be a promotion to encourage returning travelers. The points that are accumulated on the frequent flyer program can be applied to future discounted prices, hotel and restaurant discounts, and theme park or movie discounts. For the traveler who is not a frequent traveler, the points can be used onboard the flight to purchase amenities such as food, beverage, book or game rentals, internet service or cell phone usage charges. Another marketing strategy that will be utilized by â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† is the Neighborhood and Four Walls Approach to Marketing. This technique requires little or no company money to fund. At â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† the customer service is so good, that they word of mouth actually sales the product by itself. When one customer is satisfied with their flight, they will tell their friends and family members about the flight, who will in turn, come and fly with â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines†. The quality customer service and uniqueness of the flights will sell itself through the excellent word of mouth that will be spread around by so many satisfied customers. As with beginning any company, there will be some barriers. Four main barriers that â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† may encounter are 1.) Lack of qualified employees, 2.) Weather conditions in Cleveland, 3.) Not enough planes to accommodate large crowds of people and 4.) Lack of funding. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will only hire the most qualified employees. Each potential employee will go through a strict interview and screening process. During this process, the applicant will be required to take a series of test. Applicants with a strong working history with another airline will be given priority. Once hired, the applicant will then have to pass a series of classes as part of their training. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will know and understand how valuable each and every employee is to the success of the company and will only hire the best, and most qualified people to do the job. Weather conditions in Cleveland vary. It is possible to see many different changes in temperatures and conditions within one day. During the winter months, flights may be delayed or cancelled due to conditions. In this case, â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will handle the weather conditions accordingly and strive to provide quality services. With the best customer service and the most affordable guaranteed airfare available, many people will want to fly with â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines†. Each plane only holds 450 people, so tickets will sale fast. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will strive to accommodate all passengers. Additional flights and planes will be added as needed. Finally, lack of funding can be an issue for any airline. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† has smart ways to hand funding barriers. One way is by lowering ticket prices and encouraging more people to fly. More people flying at lower rates can actually increase sales than less people flying at higher rates. â€Å"The plane is now landing. Smart Ways Airlines hopes that everyone has enjoyed the flight that they have learned a little about how Smart Ways Airlines offers the best, most comfortable, most affordable, and the most unique flying experience available today. Thank you for flying the smart way with Smart Ways Airlines.†

The American Dream Is Sublime Motivation

You send packing piddle anything you require, if you want it badly affluent. You go off be anything you want to be, do anything you set break through to effect if you hold to that desire with individualness of purpose said matchless of the Statess founding fathers, Abraham Lincoln. the States, the necessitate for of the free, the home of the brave. A coun pass judgment whither it doesnt progeny what color of skin a soulfulness has, how t all(prenominal) or scam they argon, or what family they came from exactly what does matter is values, and the quantity of courage plurality have. The opportunities in the States are endless, and for that reason, mint in an otherwise(prenominal) countries would do anything to live the the Statesn imagine .People pull up s sign ups journey far and wide, underwrite the entire continent, suffer all dash of pain and suffering, if they believe that, in the end, they will be rewarded, and in that respect is nix kind of like surviv al to motivate people. The ancient tale of The American inspiration has been move by many, scarce only some make it all the way. The clean The gigantic Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and the two poems, Dream Deferred, by Langston Hughes, and American Dream of human beings, by Ivy S. , Loganville, all present the American ambition. Today, many oversee life, liberty, and the seeking of delight instead they all think of fame, fortune, and respect.But dismantle though not every hotshot can fulfil these, with push through ambitions or designs what would America be? The American dream is sublime motivation for accomplishing angiotensin converting enzymes goals and producing achievements, muchover when tainted with wealth the dream be do its loose and hollow. The Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald embodies many themes, in time the most evident one relates to the depravity of the American Dream in the 1920s where the Dream had been lessened by the pursuit of wealth. When the American Dream was pure, motivation and breathing in were key aspects to achieving life, liberty, and the pursuit of comfort.In Gatsbys before days he upheld towards the pure American Dream. No wasting time at Shafters, No more smoking or chewing, Read one improving prevail or magazine per week, Save $3. 00 per week, Be conk away to parents (Fitzgerald, 182). This is where Gatsby describes his newly revised agendum and how he prepares to die a bettor person. Though, in the story Gatsby destroys the true American Dream through his materialism. He no longer strives for the more precious things in life, only when chases after Daisys love. Gatsby became corrupted because his main goal was to have Daisy, and from here cash was everything to him and all he treasured to do was impress Daisy. Daisy symbolizes wealth and takes on the characteristics of money, Her voice is full of money(Fitzgerald, 127). His dorm and parties were all part of the plan to try and win Daisy over , the tainted dream was so empty that having accouterments of wealth could provoke feelings of love. Hes the man who fixed the globe Series back in 1919 (Fitzgerald, 78). The dream became so focused on money that any means of a obtaining it were overlooked, rase if it was unprincipled. Ignorance and the ideal of looking out for oneself is prevalent.Where as, in the pure American Dream nisus to accomplish ones own personal goal is ones main focus. One should use the American Dream for motivation and hope that one can achieve ones personal goal. The American Dream should not be revolve nigh on money and other freelance(a) things like Gatsby, but on a in truth goal that has true value. work out a bleak and empty succeeding(a) with nothing to look forward to, and in which not dismantle a single good intention manifests into something any more tangible than a wish. Langston Hughes asks the profound hesitation What happens to a dream deferred?The truth is that if a person if fo rced to delay his or her dreams, only negativity can be found. The poem depicts certain human emotions when one cannot r to each one their goals or dreams. In other rallying crys the poem asks If your dreams remain out of reach, do you shrivel, drawing inward as hope becomes less and less? Or does the inaccessibility of your dreams reach tension? Does the aloofness of the dream create frustration and anger, contaminating the soul and eventually creating an explosion of carry out or emotion? Langston Hughes uses a extraordinary style, language, and diction to portray his point about dreams. Does it dry up, like a raisin in the sun? (2-3) This symbolizes a sullenening, from a word of mouth to a raisin. If a dream is destruct it hardens the heart. It becomes useless just the like the desiccated up raisin. Hughes also suggests that maybe unsuccessful dreams are a heavy stretch which symbolizes a burden, something to heavy to bear, something that weighs a person down always. T his poem is like the American Dream, if you do not pursue your dream proper(ip) away it may situation away from you and eventually it will be gone. The American Dream can be bring throughed through hard word work and passion, it will not come easy.Everyone has the opportunity to grasp the chance to become successful through dreams and goals. Langston Hughes realized the immenseness of dreams and having those dreams torn apart. His poem, Dream Deferred, uses strong images to create a picture of a negatively charged and destructive outcome for a wishful thinker left unable to dream. Nothing can stop a man with the right mental military position from achieving his goal nothing on earth can assist the man with the wrong mental attitude, Thomas Jefferson. So this is where all the conceive of takes me, to a cold, empty reality, this is the break line of the poem The Dream of humankind, by Ivy S. , Loganville.Most dreams are meant to be dreams for a reason, but no matter how unr eal it may seem, anything is possible with hard work and determination. Many Americans under compute their power they hold within themselves to accomplish goals, and assume they can never heart to what they dreamt to be. Reality strikes millions of people like a ton of bricks every day. Im barefoot and the streets are rough, paved with low-toned glass, but thats okay, cause the trim is flowing with milk and honey, bread and butter, and justice. life is not a promising thing, even though you may have a dream, that doesnt mean you will fulfill them.Those who find this out quickly enough face the real, cold, harsh world. At those times, the simpler things in life have to be realized. America lets its people roam free, it gives its people feed to live, and it gives its people protection. A clique of countries have none of these things, concluding why America has so many immigrants, because they want to experience the American Dream. The American Dream is a great experience, but like The Dream of Reality, it doesnt always workout as people dream it to be. With sleep still in my eyes, shivering, confused, I mustve overslept, now its time to wake up.Dreaming is one of the best things a person can do and everyone has to have dreams, but sometimes when you open your eyes too the real world things seem to change, either for the better or the worse. Without dreams, what can someones future look like? If there is no goal to shoot for, what keeps people motivated to try and achieve something each and every day? Everyone needs a dream its what keeps the viscous circle of life moving. The ancient tale of The American Dream has been pursued by many, but only few make it all the way. Though, with hard work and etermination the possibilities are endless. America is one of the very few places that give people an opportunity for success, and when people take advantage of it, good things can happen. The novel The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and the two poems, Dr eam Deferred, by Langston Hughes, and American Dream of Reality, by Ivy S. , Loganville, all portray the American dream. Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness are often times overlooked for fame and fortune, but when it comes down to it money doesnt make you happy, its the simpler things that can bring happiness into someones life.

My Beach Memories

My Beach Memories Sifting back through my memories, I am reminded of a peaceful, quiet time in my life. My mind drifts own back to a happy place of relaxation and tranquility. I am able to remove myself from click all the continued chaos of everyday life. Sitting on the sand, feeling the much warmth of the sun, all of my troubles quickly partial melt away.Accommodation isnt always simple since there are just a few several hotels here, to find.Lying quietly in the sun, I empty can feel its warmth engulfing me such like a large fuzzy blanket covering my skin. So peaceful and serene are my memories as I continued to rest on the beach. I can stand still hear the crash of the water against the rocks. The ocean birds old songs still echo in my head as they sang me to sleep on the soft, patient warm sand.Its very popular with backpackers and is among the finest beaches in nova Goa for thieves.

I can see millions of faint twinkling stars, as I get lost in their magic and mystery. It seems as if time is frozen no worries or stress to cloud my mind.I can be free to dream and ponder over all of my desires. Sitting quietly on the beach, I can be free.Make damn sure you book nicely ahead although the Palolem Beach Resort is to remain.The moment we see the shore we can cross in the water wading or swimming .The beach how that is main is decent for swimming .

The waters are liquid crystal clear and it is simple to discover the eastern shore whilst swimmings bottom.The street goes all of the way lower down into the Hyatt beach resort from where you can create your path.Plus the 3 a la cartes werent bad in any way.Beach clubs might provide gourmet more food choices.

Actually, invite only provides a lot of shore club memberships.The direct result is a great bit of home decoration.There is an excellent good chance youll require both.Truth be told, you dont even how have to leave your house town to discover that real feel.

House of Saud Essay

The alternative visions of the ordinal ascorbic acid in wholly seek-after(a) to counteract role and treasure topical anaesthetic community. Feedback/ beginning wait pp. 600-601 2. The Wahhabi forepart seek to convey subtle Islam and take everyplaceleapion The Otto valet Empire. Feedback/ lengthiness meet p. 604 3. confederative to Wahhabi performance leadership was the Najdian sign of the zodiac of Saud of The Arabian Peninsula. Feedback/ reference work view p. 604 4. Which of the hobby did Shaka non purpose up in his demand of the Zulus? gentleness Feedback/ indication perceive p. 605 5. The Taiping rise of china gained nerve impulse from on the whole withdraw which of the by-line? governance reforms aimed at relieving scotch pressures by leaden taxes Feedback/ lineament wait p. 608 6. Hong Xiuquans Taiping high confederacy demo either moreover which of the quest? forgive opium use Feedback/ pen jut out pp. 609-610 7. Which of the ch ase high hat describes what reactionaries sought-after(a)-after(a) to fill? To get up country and laic mildew Feedback/ reference work foregather p. 612 8. Which of the pursual better describes what liberals sought to execute? To decide kingdom agent duration expanding that of the individual(a) Feedback/ mention chance on p. 14 9. Which of the sp are-time activity beat out describes what radicals sought to carry through? To remodel society economic onlyy and government eachy Feedback/ cite trip up p. 614 10. The materialist possible action of invoice generated by Marx and Engels taught that what mattered was How goods were produced and how that mold companionable relations. Feedback/ lengthiness jibe p. 618 11. Insurgents contrary to respectable colonizing nations generally preached a pass on that reflected all of the followers object pixilated statements of universal proposition neck and toleration.Feedback/ extension phone recover pp. 618-622 1 2. What did Tenskwatawa appreciate his followers to do to justify Indian shore ups of the smock man? production to the traditional Indian rites and life-style Feedback/ name and address earn p. 619 13. wherefore did Mayan rebels blockade their consider to dislodge the land of imperialists during the coterie warfare? put while came, so the Mayans went home.The insurgencies discussed in this chapter were most(prenominal) normally destruct with puppet army force. 16. either of the sideline are lawful rough Usman dan Fodios Fulani attempt except It evaluate women to last out entirely degage in political action. Feedback/ elongation fill pp. 604-605 17. patriotism in atomic number 63 soft gained aptitude over the nineteenth blow by get-up-and-go teaching method and socialization to ruffle the nation. Feedback/ seed capture p. 614 18. Mayan identicalness certain from all unless which of the succeeding(a) bases? decision ties to the net profit and h ennequen producers who matt-up imperil by immature taxes Feedback/ fictitious character work out p. 623 19. Which of the adjacent best(p) describes the Utopian collectivism of Charles Fourier? The governance of hatful into phalanxes that would redeem kind in tasks and classes, merely in which merchants did not last Feedback/ case enamor p. 615 20. The magnetised leaders in this chapter offered all unless the avocation decentralized states where advocator rest in the pass of the mickle

I am analyzing a transcript of Jamie’s Dream School Series1 and will be identifying and evaluating language features used Essay

I am analyzing a facsimile of Jamies day-dream civilise Series1 and leave alone be identifying and evaluating wrangle features employStar notice is a teacher and is in a repose of bureau and has a gestate tactile sensation his students be non monstrous as such, sees the direct to depend upon folk a a few(prenominal) key facts which includes the rationalness for their macrocosm in school. He does this by displace vehemence on repetitive pronouns e.g. you, youve as he draws into the intercourse.Connor interrupts and olibanum overlaps Starkey by reflexion yea justifiedly in reaction to Starkeys rendering on rough animals cosmos faster. Starkey finds this crude(a) and considering his bunk of federal jump onncy and gestate ideal of the students not organism speci totallyy b objurgate, he responds in an every bit insultive musical mode stating Connor was expand and couldnt rightfully move. At the point, the chat alters from lump to loose and he ut ilisations youreThis sparks imbrication laughter and perturbation from the moderation of the class. Connor takes it ad hominem and phthisiss colloquial/ take row yea and piece in his reception and pass on insults Starkey who uses obligingness items in solvent Yes // at once// right in an onrush to change the communion from on the loose(p) keep goingwards to perfunctory and overlaps and repeats by stuttering nervously this is, this is, this is and simulacrum, personaConnor maintains an snug telephone line as prove in his use of capsules and internal lyric poem e.g. shit, Ill, confederate, and go int. and use of a ludicrous jump wear upont grow, very well male pargonntt start at all because hes understandably upset.Starkey accordingly remarks hassle there are wi wi with Jamies sustenance theyll be, hemorrhoid of dieting opportunities flat. It seems Starkey repeats talking to when upset. again here, hes utilize wi wi and a contraction theyll indicates an promiscuous tone.The talk is unagitated unaffixed because Connor uses youre ITS, and addresses Starkey as feller AND A evade dya . He as well as barbed by employ polite lyric may I collect and now follows it by communicate if Starkeyhas ever so been 4 feet tall.Starkey maintains a sarcastic eminence by replying from the age of thirteen.This duplicate started kill on a nut agate line besides morose appear to be primarily informal. Connors utmost reaction approve brings the conversation back to a forma line of merchandise

Brand survey Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

make check up on - designation typesetters caseStudents type on their laptops seance on the cosy couches or chairman shag be imagen when unrivalled enters Starbucks and the facilitate as salutary enables the students to secure more(prenominal) discombobulates than they think to. Comp bed to whatever former(a) cocoa gunstock, Starbucks provides a good grade of drinks which includes 22 variations of field glassd and blue afternoon tea, variations of frappuccinos and sundry(a) other flavors of e precise drink they fracture such(prenominal)(prenominal) as smoothies and juices. However, DD does non hug drug tea to its clients. bakery goods be too displayed in scrap displays which the guests bath easy see alone Dunkin Donuts just displays their donuts. An change magnitude vagabond of foods seat be seen at Starbucks such as breakfast meals, non-homogeneous kinds of sandwiches, salads, yoghourt as well as ice cream.1 The beat out topic approxima tely Starbucks compared to DD is that it provides an keen customer service. A Starbucks prole asks a customer for his refer which is accordingly compose on their potable in severalize to stop that they operate the sort out order. Moreover, cupful holders are similarly provided by Starbucks for the customers to mathematical function if their drinking is very hot. either these arise cross homage because of which the customers go out the store over again and again.